Estudio lingüístico del texto y del discurso
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2021-01-18
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Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle
Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es dar a conocer que la lingüística del texto, como componente de la lingüística general, es una ciencia cuya unidad de sentido es el texto, herramienta para conocer nuestro entorno cultural, social, personal, psicológico.
La lingüística textual trata de explicar cómo se construye un texto y como se relaciona con el contexto y sus elementos, tiempo, espacio, participantes, situación comunicativa, para entender este proceso como una acción social que es el resultado del uso vivo de la lengua, es decir una manifestación dinámica, real, basada en la cotidianidad; por lo tanto, corresponde a la pragmática el estudio y el análisis del discurso entendido como una manifestación de expresiones orales o escritas que contienen una idea completa con el propósito de interrelacionarnos y hacer efectiva la naturaleza del ser humano como un ser social; para esto se integran otras disciplinas como la sociología, psicología social, la antropología, etc.
El lingüista neerlandés Dijk formula la teoría de los Modelos de contexto como una explicación a la influencia del contexto o entorno que reciben los discursos en un evento comunicativo y la vez la influencia de los discursos en las situaciones sociales.
En la enseñanza de idiomas, la lingüística de texto ha dado distintas aportaciones que dan otras formas de abordar la enseñanza de las habilidades lingüísticas, especialmente en la interpretación y elaboración de textos orales y escritos. Estas sugerencias están destinadas a promover divergentes y originales métodos cognitivas y metacognitivas para mejorar las habilidades discursivas de las personas.
The objective of this research work is to show that text linguistics, as a component of general linguistics, is a science whose unit of meaning is the text, a tool to understand our cultural, social, personal and psychological environment. Textual linguistics tries to explain how a text is constructed and how it relates to the context and its elements, time, space, participants, communicative situation, to understand this process as a social action that is the result of the living use of language, that is, a dynamic, real manifestation, based on everyday life; therefore, it corresponds to pragmatics the study and analysis of discourse understood as a manifestation of oral or written expressions that contain a complete idea with the purpose of interrelating and making effective the nature of the human being as a social being; For this, other disciplines such as sociology, social psychology, anthropology, etc. are integrated. The Dutch linguist Dijk formulates the theory of Context Models as an explanation for the influence of the context or environment that discourses receive in a communicative event and, at the same time, the influence of discourses in social situations. In language teaching, text linguistics has given different contributions that give other ways of approaching the teaching of linguistic skills, especially in the interpretation and elaboration of oral and written texts. These suggestions are intended to promote divergent and original cognitive and metacognitive methods to improve people's discursive skills.
The objective of this research work is to show that text linguistics, as a component of general linguistics, is a science whose unit of meaning is the text, a tool to understand our cultural, social, personal and psychological environment. Textual linguistics tries to explain how a text is constructed and how it relates to the context and its elements, time, space, participants, communicative situation, to understand this process as a social action that is the result of the living use of language, that is, a dynamic, real manifestation, based on everyday life; therefore, it corresponds to pragmatics the study and analysis of discourse understood as a manifestation of oral or written expressions that contain a complete idea with the purpose of interrelating and making effective the nature of the human being as a social being; For this, other disciplines such as sociology, social psychology, anthropology, etc. are integrated. The Dutch linguist Dijk formulates the theory of Context Models as an explanation for the influence of the context or environment that discourses receive in a communicative event and, at the same time, the influence of discourses in social situations. In language teaching, text linguistics has given different contributions that give other ways of approaching the teaching of linguistic skills, especially in the interpretation and elaboration of oral and written texts. These suggestions are intended to promote divergent and original cognitive and metacognitive methods to improve people's discursive skills.
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Ortega Chavez, D. M. (2021). Estudio lingüístico del texto y del discurso (Monografía de pregrado). Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Lima, Perú.