El problema de la explotación del petróleo en el Perú a través de la IPC durante el siglo XX
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Date
2020-12-18
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Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle
Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es el problema de la explotación del petróleo a través de la Internacional Petroleum Company, en el siglo XX, se generó porque el Complejo petrolífero industrial la Brea y Pariñas, industrializada, por el consorcio London Pacific Petroleum Co., en 1890 y por la International Petroleum Company, subsidiaria de la Standard Oil de New Jersey, durante los años del 1914 a 1968.
Las minas se hicieron públicas en 1911, tras el descubrimiento que los dueños y arrendadores utilizaban más lotes que las inscritas inicialmente, la expropiación abusiva de los patrimonios nacionales, se negaron a amortizar las tributaciones al fisco, que por responsabilidad tenían que cumplir con las leyes peruanas, ocultando durante mucho tiempo la verdadera dimensión de sus operaciones y por lo tanto pagaba mucho menos en impuestos de los que debía realmente.
La Internacional Petroleum Company, a lo largo de varios periodos gubernamentales, logró ventajosas excepciones tributarias, concedidas por regímenes pro norteamericanos, como ocurrió con el escándalo originado por el capitalismo anglo-estadounidense en el Perú, cuyo representante fue la IPC. Por apoyar a este consorcio se originó tensiones diplomáticas EE. UU, y otros países capitalistas, que se negaron apoyar al Perú como aconteció con el Fondo Monetario Internacional, que suspendió prestamos económicos, paralizo las compras, cancelo todo tipo de ayudas y ventas militares, como un modelo para los países que no cumplieran con los designios de EE. UU, hechos que se acontecieron en el gobierno de Belaúnde Terry.
Se inició las reivindicaciones nacionalistas en 1968, durante la administración de Juan Velasco Alvarado conjuntamente con sus tropas, emprendió militarmente la ocupación de las infraestructuras de la Internacional Petroleum Company, expulsando definitivamente del país, sin embargo EE. UU, reclamaba que se aplicara la enmienda Hickenlooper que precisaba indemnizar económicamente por la expropiación del consorcio extranjero. Velasco comunicó repetidamente que no solventaría con ningún céntimo de resarcimiento al IPC, sin embargo, la administración militar financio disimuladamente a escondidas con la Internacional Petroleum Company pagando la indemnización global de 76 millones de dólares a todas las corporaciones extranjeras afectadas por las expropiaciones, mediante el Acuerdo De la Flor-Greene. En cuanto a los adeudos del IPC, se valoraban en 690 millones de dólares que debía desde 1924, el consorcio extranjero en ningún tiempo pagó sus adeudos al Estado Peruano.
The objective of this research work is the problem of oil exploitation through the International Petroleum Company, in the 20th century, was generated because the La Brea y Pariñas Industrial Petroleum Complex, industrialized, by the London Pacific Petroleum Co. , in 1890 and by the International Petroleum Company, a subsidiary of Standard Oil of New Jersey, during the years from 1914 to 1968. The mines were made public in 1911, after the discovery that the owners and lessors used more lots than those initially registered. , the abusive expropriation of national patrimony, refused to amortize taxation to the treasury, which by responsibility had to comply with Peruvian laws, hiding for a long time the true dimension of its operations and therefore paid much less in taxes than the which I really should. The International Petroleum Company, throughout various government periods, achieved advantageous tax exemptions, granted by pro-American regimes, as happened with the scandal caused by Anglo-American capitalism in Peru, whose representative was the IPC. Due to supporting this consortium, diplomatic tensions arose from the US and other capitalist countries, which refused to support Peru, as happened with the International Monetary Fund, which suspended economic loans, paralyzed purchases, canceled all kinds of aid and military sales, as a model for countries that did not comply with the designs of the United States, events that occurred in the government of Belaúnde Terry. The nationalist claims began in 1968, during the administration of Juan Velasco Alvarado together with his troops, undertook the military occupation of the infrastructures of the International Petroleum Company, definitively expelling them from the country, however, the US demanded that the amendment be applied Hickenlooper that needed to compensate financially for the expropriation of the foreign consortium. Velasco repeatedly communicated that he would not pay any cent of compensation to the IPC, however, the military administration secretly financed with the International Petroleum Company paying global compensation of 76 million dollars to all foreign corporations affected by the expropriations, through the Flor-Greene Agreement. As for the debts of the IPC, they were valued at 690 million dollars owed since 1924, the foreign consortium at no time paid its debts to the Peruvian State.
The objective of this research work is the problem of oil exploitation through the International Petroleum Company, in the 20th century, was generated because the La Brea y Pariñas Industrial Petroleum Complex, industrialized, by the London Pacific Petroleum Co. , in 1890 and by the International Petroleum Company, a subsidiary of Standard Oil of New Jersey, during the years from 1914 to 1968. The mines were made public in 1911, after the discovery that the owners and lessors used more lots than those initially registered. , the abusive expropriation of national patrimony, refused to amortize taxation to the treasury, which by responsibility had to comply with Peruvian laws, hiding for a long time the true dimension of its operations and therefore paid much less in taxes than the which I really should. The International Petroleum Company, throughout various government periods, achieved advantageous tax exemptions, granted by pro-American regimes, as happened with the scandal caused by Anglo-American capitalism in Peru, whose representative was the IPC. Due to supporting this consortium, diplomatic tensions arose from the US and other capitalist countries, which refused to support Peru, as happened with the International Monetary Fund, which suspended economic loans, paralyzed purchases, canceled all kinds of aid and military sales, as a model for countries that did not comply with the designs of the United States, events that occurred in the government of Belaúnde Terry. The nationalist claims began in 1968, during the administration of Juan Velasco Alvarado together with his troops, undertook the military occupation of the infrastructures of the International Petroleum Company, definitively expelling them from the country, however, the US demanded that the amendment be applied Hickenlooper that needed to compensate financially for the expropriation of the foreign consortium. Velasco repeatedly communicated that he would not pay any cent of compensation to the IPC, however, the military administration secretly financed with the International Petroleum Company paying global compensation of 76 million dollars to all foreign corporations affected by the expropriations, through the Flor-Greene Agreement. As for the debts of the IPC, they were valued at 690 million dollars owed since 1924, the foreign consortium at no time paid its debts to the Peruvian State.
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Citation
Ariste Cardenas, F. (2019). El problema de la explotación del petróleo en el Perú a través de la IPC durante el siglo XX (Monografía de pregrado). Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Lima, Perú.