Gestión de destinos turísticos post pandemia. Caso práctico.
Date
2022-12-30
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Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle
Abstract
El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación es mostrar que el turismo ha experimentado una intensa transformación en las últimas décadas. El crecimiento acelerado asociado a la indispensable vinculación con otros sectores de la economía contribuyó a que esta industria se convirtiera en una de las mayores del mundo. Actualmente, el turismo se considera un poderoso motor social, económico y medioambiental, que contribuye directamente al desarrollo de ciudades y países. Sin embargo, el cierre de fronteras en un esfuerzo por contener la pandemia de Covid-19 afectó gravemente al sector, reduciendo el número de viajeros en mundo en 60-80%.
Como consecuencia, particulares y organizaciones se enfrentaron al reto de reinventar y optimizar sus operaciones, buscando nuevas estrategias para adaptarse a un mercado temporalmente colapsado. En ese contexto, al permanecer cerradas las fronteras internacionales y aumentar el deseo de viajar tras meses de distanciamiento social, los destinos rurales se convirtieron en una opción atractiva, especialmente para los turistas nacionales. De hecho, incluso antes de la pandemia, la demanda de opciones de ocio que ofrecieran un contacto genuino con la naturaleza y con la historia y la cultura de comunidades no urbanizadas ya era en expansión. Por ello, la posibilidad de disfrutar de unas vacaciones en un entorno tranquilo y alejado de los grandes núcleos urbanos, zonas ciertamente con mayor probabilidad de transmisión del virus, impulsó eficazmente el turismo rural durante la pandemia.
El sector mundial de los viajes se ha vuelto tan vulnerable a los daños persistentes del impacto de la pandemia. Para paliar las enormes pérdidas debidas a las consecuencias de la pandemia, varios países se han esforzado por reconstruir su industria turística dando prioridad al renacimiento del turismo nacional y eliminando gradualmente las restricciones de entrada a ciertos mercados internacionales. A pesar de las presiones existentes por los riesgos sanitarios y los retos adicionales (el aumento de los precios del petróleo, la inflación y las perturbaciones políticas), la reapertura de las empresas turísticas para aliviar la presión económica ha progresado, aliviando la presión económica en todos los países de Europa, América y Asia; en otras palabras, muchos países han reorientado su política de cero Covid-19 a un enfoque más adaptativo para convivir con la crisis epidémica.
Como resultado, la inesperada recuperación de las llegadas de turistas internacionales durante el primer trimestre de 2022 ha alcanzado los 117 millones, frente a los 41 millones del mismo periodo de 2021. Se han levantado las restricciones de viaje para los turistas internacionales, mientras que el despliegue generalizado de la vacunación también ha reforzado la confianza tanto de las empresas turísticas como de los turistas a la hora de tomar decisiones de viaje.
The objective of this research work is to show that tourism has experienced an intense transformation in recent decades. The accelerated growth associated with the essential linkage with other sectors of the economy contributed to this industry becoming one of the largest in the world. Currently, tourism is considered a powerful social, economic and environmental engine, which directly contributes to the development of cities and countries. However, the closure of borders in an effort to contain the Covid-19 pandemic severely affected the sector, reducing the number of travelers worldwide by 60-80%. As a consequence, individuals and organizations faced the challenge of reinventing and optimizing their operations, seeking new strategies to adapt to a temporarily collapsed market. In this context, as international borders remained closed and the desire to travel increased after months of social distancing, rural destinations became an attractive option, especially for domestic tourists. In fact, even before the pandemic, the demand for leisure options that offered genuine contact with nature and with the history and culture of non-urbanized communities was already expanding. Therefore, the possibility of enjoying a vacation in a quiet environment far from large urban centers, areas certainly with a greater probability of transmission of the virus, effectively promoted rural tourism during the pandemic. The global travel sector has become so vulnerable to the lingering damage from the impact of the pandemic. To alleviate the huge losses due to the consequences of the pandemic, several countries have strived to rebuild their tourism industry by prioritizing the revival of domestic tourism and gradually removing entry restrictions to certain international markets. Despite existing pressures from health risks and additional challenges (rising oil prices, inflation and political disruptions), the reopening of tourism businesses to alleviate economic pressure has progressed, easing economic pressure in all countries in Europe, America and Asia; In other words, many countries have reoriented their policy from zero Covid-19 to a more adaptive approach to coexist with the epidemic crisis. As a result, the unexpected recovery in international tourist arrivals during the first quarter of 2022 has reached 117 million, compared to 41 million in the same period of 2021. Travel restrictions for international tourists have been lifted, while the Widespread vaccination rollout has also boosted the confidence of both tourism businesses and tourists when making travel decisions.
The objective of this research work is to show that tourism has experienced an intense transformation in recent decades. The accelerated growth associated with the essential linkage with other sectors of the economy contributed to this industry becoming one of the largest in the world. Currently, tourism is considered a powerful social, economic and environmental engine, which directly contributes to the development of cities and countries. However, the closure of borders in an effort to contain the Covid-19 pandemic severely affected the sector, reducing the number of travelers worldwide by 60-80%. As a consequence, individuals and organizations faced the challenge of reinventing and optimizing their operations, seeking new strategies to adapt to a temporarily collapsed market. In this context, as international borders remained closed and the desire to travel increased after months of social distancing, rural destinations became an attractive option, especially for domestic tourists. In fact, even before the pandemic, the demand for leisure options that offered genuine contact with nature and with the history and culture of non-urbanized communities was already expanding. Therefore, the possibility of enjoying a vacation in a quiet environment far from large urban centers, areas certainly with a greater probability of transmission of the virus, effectively promoted rural tourism during the pandemic. The global travel sector has become so vulnerable to the lingering damage from the impact of the pandemic. To alleviate the huge losses due to the consequences of the pandemic, several countries have strived to rebuild their tourism industry by prioritizing the revival of domestic tourism and gradually removing entry restrictions to certain international markets. Despite existing pressures from health risks and additional challenges (rising oil prices, inflation and political disruptions), the reopening of tourism businesses to alleviate economic pressure has progressed, easing economic pressure in all countries in Europe, America and Asia; In other words, many countries have reoriented their policy from zero Covid-19 to a more adaptive approach to coexist with the epidemic crisis. As a result, the unexpected recovery in international tourist arrivals during the first quarter of 2022 has reached 117 million, compared to 41 million in the same period of 2021. Travel restrictions for international tourists have been lifted, while the Widespread vaccination rollout has also boosted the confidence of both tourism businesses and tourists when making travel decisions.
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Citation
Madueño Salazar, L. J. (2022). Gestión de destinos turísticos post pandemia. Caso práctico. (Monografía de pregrado) Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Lima, Perú.