El teatro de sombras en la educación primaria
Date
2021-06-03
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Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle
Abstract
El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación es que podemos decir que es un arte que consiste en el manejo de figuras, siluetas, en un escenario de luz y sombra. El teatro de sombra es considerado Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial, porque transmite la tradición y cultura milenaria de varios países. Esta tradición se transmitió de
generación en generación, que ha ido evolucionando, tanto las imágenes y siluetas, como su repertorio.
Los aspectos más interesantes de este arte son la luz y la sombra. Estos son los que le dan magia, fantasía y misterio, los cuales hacen que los espectadores queden perplejos ante este espectáculo. Para complementar este arte se agrega la música; esta le da el toque final a la trasmisión del mensaje.
Este arte fue introducido a varios países, tanto Occidentales, como Orientales, dando como resultado diversas clases del teatro de sombras. Está el famoso Teatro Negro Praga (República Checa), el cual se caracteriza por utilizar la luz ultravioleta. Esta es la principal atracción que brinda con la fusión de un espacio totalmente oscuro.
También está el teatro de sombras chinas. Es en este país que las siluetas tuvieron más evolución, el calado fue más minucioso y los colores más brillantes. También se desarrollaron las siluetas corporales, ya sea con partes o todo el cuerpo, siendo un arte más integral, porque el cuerpo es el que tiene que trasmitir la historia a contar.
En el año 2012, dos importantes maestros fusionaron el arte tradicional de las siluetas y la cultura actual del pop; así se dio Fusión Wayang Kulit. En ella narran historias de superhéroes como Batman, Mujer Maravilla, Flash, etc.
El teatro de sombras es un recurso didáctico. Se puede aplicar en la Educación Primaria; para ello tiene fundamentos sociológicos. Es que la sociedad y el teatro están 59 unidos porque a través del teatro es que conocemos la sociedad y esta, a su vez, va unida a la educación, ya que el teatro transmite la historia, las creencias y la tradición de una sociedad.
El fundamento pedagógico indica que el teatro de sombras ayuda a desarrollar la creatividad, imaginación, la inteligencia emocional, entre otros aspectos, porque permite que el niño explore y cree un sinfín de posibles historias. Ello ayuda a socializar, porque el niño debe compartir roles.
El fundamento psicológico, en él se indica las teorías que permiten que el aprendizaje de los niños sea óptimo. Estas teorías nos indican que el niño construye sus nuevos conocimientos por el factor externo que modifica los conocimientos previos. Es por ello por lo que obtendrán un aprendizaje significativo.
Con la presente investigación, se llega a la conclusión de que el teatro de sombras va a enriquecer el aprendizaje de los niños y el trabajo pedagógico, ya que nos brinda los elementos que necesitamos para que ellos desarrollen más su expresión corporal, verbal y emocional, entre otros aspectos.
The objective of this research work is that we can say that it is an art that consists of the management of figures, silhouettes, in a scenario of light and shadow. Shadow theater is considered Intangible Cultural Heritage, because it transmits the ancient tradition and culture of several countries. This tradition was passed down from generation after generation, which has been evolving, both the images and silhouettes, as well as its repertoire. The most interesting aspects of this art are light and shadow. These are what give it magic, fantasy and mystery, which make viewers perplexed by this show. To complement this art, music is added; This gives the final touch to the transmission of the message. This art was introduced to several countries, both Western and Eastern, resulting in various types of shadow theater. There is the famous Black Theater Prague (Czech Republic), which is characterized by using ultraviolet light. This is the main attraction it provides with the fusion of a totally dark space. There is also the Chinese shadow theater. It is in this country that the silhouettes had more evolution, the openwork was more detailed and the colors were brighter. Body silhouettes were also developed, whether with parts or the entire body, being a more integral art, because the body is what has to transmit the story to be told. In 2012, two important masters merged traditional silhouette art and current pop culture; This is how Wayang Kulit Fusion came about. In it they tell stories about superheroes like Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, etc. Shadow theater is a teaching resource. It can be applied in Primary Education; For this it has sociological foundations. Society and theater are united because through theater we know society and this, in turn, is linked to education, since theater transmits the history, beliefs and tradition of a society. The pedagogical foundation indicates that shadow theater helps develop creativity, imagination, emotional intelligence, among other aspects, because it allows the child to explore and create endless possible stories. This helps socialize, because the child must share roles. The psychological foundation indicates the theories that allow children to learn optimally. These theories tell us that the child constructs his new knowledge through the external factor that modifies previous knowledge. This is why they will obtain significant learning. With the present investigation, we reach the conclusion that shadow theater will enrich children's learning and pedagogical work, since it provides us with the elements we need for them to further develop their corporal, verbal and emotional expression. in other aspects.
The objective of this research work is that we can say that it is an art that consists of the management of figures, silhouettes, in a scenario of light and shadow. Shadow theater is considered Intangible Cultural Heritage, because it transmits the ancient tradition and culture of several countries. This tradition was passed down from generation after generation, which has been evolving, both the images and silhouettes, as well as its repertoire. The most interesting aspects of this art are light and shadow. These are what give it magic, fantasy and mystery, which make viewers perplexed by this show. To complement this art, music is added; This gives the final touch to the transmission of the message. This art was introduced to several countries, both Western and Eastern, resulting in various types of shadow theater. There is the famous Black Theater Prague (Czech Republic), which is characterized by using ultraviolet light. This is the main attraction it provides with the fusion of a totally dark space. There is also the Chinese shadow theater. It is in this country that the silhouettes had more evolution, the openwork was more detailed and the colors were brighter. Body silhouettes were also developed, whether with parts or the entire body, being a more integral art, because the body is what has to transmit the story to be told. In 2012, two important masters merged traditional silhouette art and current pop culture; This is how Wayang Kulit Fusion came about. In it they tell stories about superheroes like Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, etc. Shadow theater is a teaching resource. It can be applied in Primary Education; For this it has sociological foundations. Society and theater are united because through theater we know society and this, in turn, is linked to education, since theater transmits the history, beliefs and tradition of a society. The pedagogical foundation indicates that shadow theater helps develop creativity, imagination, emotional intelligence, among other aspects, because it allows the child to explore and create endless possible stories. This helps socialize, because the child must share roles. The psychological foundation indicates the theories that allow children to learn optimally. These theories tell us that the child constructs his new knowledge through the external factor that modifies previous knowledge. This is why they will obtain significant learning. With the present investigation, we reach the conclusion that shadow theater will enrich children's learning and pedagogical work, since it provides us with the elements we need for them to further develop their corporal, verbal and emotional expression. in other aspects.
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Citation
Rayme Sanchez, Sayda. (2021). El teatro de sombras en la educación primaria. (Monografía de pregrado). Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Lima, Perú.