La geodinámica interna y los relieves estructurales y sus consecuencias. El tectonismo y el magmatismo. Aplicación didáctica.
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Date
2021-12-21
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Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle
Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es dar a conocer la litósfera que está conformada por dos grandes divisiones, tenemos al manto superior
y la corteza. En la primera se encuentran las fuerzas que generan el movimiento de las placas tectónicas, estas son llamadas corrientes convectivas. Nuestra corteza está conformada por diferentes tamaños placas tectónicas continentales y oceánicas que se encuentran desplazándose sobre el manto. Las placas en algún momento van a colisionar o converger, generando la formación de grandes extensiones de montañas, como la cordillera de los andes. Cuando esto sucede las rocas que se encuentran en los bordes de las placas, tienden a plegarse o fracturarse. Como evidencia podemos apreciar las estructuras plegadas que presentan algunas rocas. En el caso que se produzca fracturación se formarán las fallas, una clara evidencia es la falla de San Andrés, que se formó debido a la convergencia de placas distintas como en (Norteamérica y Pacífico). Cuando esto ocurre, suele con frecuencia presentar un sismo de gran magnitud. Encontramos también estructuras de fallas en las rocas, aunque solo una minoría se encuentre activas. En las zonas de borde de las placas usualmente existe rocas que se desprenden y se funden el magma, esto puede provocar que en el algún momento el magma asciende a la superficie,
ocasionando erupciones volcánicas, si el magma se consolida de forma lenta en la parte interna de un volcán, se forman las rocas plutónicas, pero si llega a salir violentamente, se le llamará lava y permitirá la formación de las rocas ígneas extrusivas.
Existen una gran clasificación de volcanes tomando en cuenta la erupción
volcánica que posea, pero hay otros autores como Zumberge H. James que considera que solo existen de dos clases: Tipo Hawaiano y el tipo Vesubiano. El primero se caracteriza por contener una lava con mayor fluidez, generando una explosión leve y el segundo tipo presenta gran viscosidad, expulsando cenizas, arenas y hasta bombas atómicas.
The objective of this research work is to make known the lithosphere that is made up of two large divisions, we have the upper mantle and the crust. In the first are the forces that generate the movement of tectonic plates, these are called convective currents. Our crust is made up of different sizes of continental and oceanic tectonic plates that are moving over the mantle. The plates at some point will collide or converge, generating the formation of large extensions of mountains, such as the Andes. When this happens, the rocks at the edges of the plates tend to fold or fracture. As evidence we can appreciate the folded structures that some rocks present. In the event that fracturing occurs, faults will be formed, a clear evidence is the San Andreas fault, which was formed due to the convergence of different plates as in (North America and Pacific). When this occurs, it often presents a large-magnitude earthquake. We also find fault structures in the rocks, although only a minority are active. In the edge areas of the plates there are usually rocks that detach and melt the magma, this can cause the magma to rise to the surface at some point, causing volcanic eruptions, if the magma consolidates slowly in the upper part. Inside a volcano, plutonic rocks are formed, but if it comes out violently, it will be called lava and will allow the formation of extrusive igneous rocks. There is a large classification of volcanoes taking into account the volcanic eruption that it has, but there are other authors such as Zumberge H. James who considers that there are only two classes: Hawaiian type and Vesubian type. The first is characterized by containing a more fluid lava, generating a slight explosion and the second type has great viscosity, expelling ash, sand and even atomic bombs.
The objective of this research work is to make known the lithosphere that is made up of two large divisions, we have the upper mantle and the crust. In the first are the forces that generate the movement of tectonic plates, these are called convective currents. Our crust is made up of different sizes of continental and oceanic tectonic plates that are moving over the mantle. The plates at some point will collide or converge, generating the formation of large extensions of mountains, such as the Andes. When this happens, the rocks at the edges of the plates tend to fold or fracture. As evidence we can appreciate the folded structures that some rocks present. In the event that fracturing occurs, faults will be formed, a clear evidence is the San Andreas fault, which was formed due to the convergence of different plates as in (North America and Pacific). When this occurs, it often presents a large-magnitude earthquake. We also find fault structures in the rocks, although only a minority are active. In the edge areas of the plates there are usually rocks that detach and melt the magma, this can cause the magma to rise to the surface at some point, causing volcanic eruptions, if the magma consolidates slowly in the upper part. Inside a volcano, plutonic rocks are formed, but if it comes out violently, it will be called lava and will allow the formation of extrusive igneous rocks. There is a large classification of volcanoes taking into account the volcanic eruption that it has, but there are other authors such as Zumberge H. James who considers that there are only two classes: Hawaiian type and Vesubian type. The first is characterized by containing a more fluid lava, generating a slight explosion and the second type has great viscosity, expelling ash, sand and even atomic bombs.
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Citation
Colqque Palomino, K. (2021). La geodinámica interna y los relieves estructurales y sus consecuencias.
El tectonismo y el magmatismo. Aplicación didáctica. (Monografía de pregrado). Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Lima, Perú.