La personalidad
Loading...
Date
2021-05-13
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle
Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es dar a conocer las teorías de la personalidad tuvieron una eclosión notable en el siglo XX. Distintas teorías dialogaban y polemizaban el asunto de cómo se constituye la personalidad humana. En este cultivo de propuestas teóricas, Freud tiene el mérito indiscutible de haber sido el pionero en la estructuración de un todo conceptual que intente explicar la totalidad del funcionamiento psíquico humano. Hay términos que Freud asentó en su teoría que han pasado a ser parte de la terminología psicológica y más aún, de nuestra cultura popular. Estos términos son: mecanismos de defensa, inconsciente, lapsus y sobretodo neurosis, que merece un lugar aparte, pues se estableció como una categoría psicológica corriente.
La psicología de Jung puede calificarse en gran medida como positiva, ya que no pone la mirada en el fango de las psicopatologías, sino que apunta a una superación y desarrollo humano (individuación). Esta psicología ha tenido más eco en las teorías culturales y explicación de los símbolos antiguos que en el campo de la praxis psicoterapéutica. Algo parecido sucede con Maslow: su visión del desarrollo humano es positiva, apunta hacia la autorrealización. Su explicación de la conducta humana motivada trato de explicar consistentemente el accionar humano y su pirámide de necesidades se inscribió en la historia de la psicología y en el imaginario académico.
No obstante, estas teorizaciones provenían solo de la práctica clínica, y no se mostraban interesadas en hallar un sustento biológico que las respaldase. La presencia de Eysenck acá es innegable, ya que él no se da por satisfecho solo con la clínica, sino que efectivamente busca el tan postergado respaldo biológico del que adolecían muchas teorías precedentes. Hay una velada intención de Eysenck de avanzar hacia un holismo también, por su intención de encontrar el eslabón entre la constitución psicológica y la constitución biológica del individuo.
54
Estas cuatro teorías han sido tratadas con más extensión en este trabajo y con ellas corroboramos lo que habíamos señalado en el capítulo de definiciones: la personalidad es un término escurridizo, cada teórico erige primero su edificio conceptual y de sus resultados sustrae su noción propia de personalidad. La definición de personalidad es tan diversa como lo son las personalidades de los seres humanos entre sí, esto es lo que la hace tan rica. Poder asistir a este debate teórico es reconicer que efectivamente al estudiar cada teoría hay siempre algo con lo cual identificarnos y validamos al reconocer como nuestro y algo también que rechazamos y es pasible a la crítica.
The objective of this research work is to make known the theories of personality that had a notable emergence in the 20th century. Different theories dialogued and debated the issue of how the human personality is constituted. In this cultivation of theoretical proposals, Freud has the indisputable merit of having been the pioneer in the structuring of a conceptual whole that attempts to explain the entirety of human psychic functioning. There are terms that Freud established in his theory that have become part of psychological terminology and even more so, of our popular culture. These terms are: defense mechanisms, unconscious, lapses and above all neurosis, which deserves a separate place, since it was established as a common psychological category. Jung's psychology can largely be described as positive, since it does not focus on the mire of psychopathologies, but rather points to human improvement and development (individuation). This psychology has had more echo in cultural theories and explanation of ancient symbols than in the field of psychotherapeutic praxis. Something similar happens with Maslow: his vision of human development is positive, it points towards self-realization. His explanation of motivated human behavior tried to consistently explain human actions and his pyramid of needs was inscribed in the history of psychology and in the academic imagination. However, these theorizations came only from clinical practice, and were not interested in finding biological support to support them. Eysenck's presence here is undeniable, since he is not satisfied with the clinic alone, but actually seeks the much-delayed biological support that many previous theories lacked. There is a veiled intention of Eysenck to move towards a holism as well, due to his intention to find the link between the psychological constitution and the biological constitution of the individual. 54 These four theories have been treated at greater length in this work and with them we corroborate what we had pointed out in the definitions chapter: personality is a slippery term, each theorist first erects his conceptual edifice and from its results he subtracts his own notion of personality. The definition of personality is as diverse as the personalities of human beings are among themselves, this is what makes it so rich. Being able to attend this theoretical debate is to recognize that indeed when studying each theory there is always something with which we identify and we validate by recognizing as ours and also something that we reject and is open to criticism.
The objective of this research work is to make known the theories of personality that had a notable emergence in the 20th century. Different theories dialogued and debated the issue of how the human personality is constituted. In this cultivation of theoretical proposals, Freud has the indisputable merit of having been the pioneer in the structuring of a conceptual whole that attempts to explain the entirety of human psychic functioning. There are terms that Freud established in his theory that have become part of psychological terminology and even more so, of our popular culture. These terms are: defense mechanisms, unconscious, lapses and above all neurosis, which deserves a separate place, since it was established as a common psychological category. Jung's psychology can largely be described as positive, since it does not focus on the mire of psychopathologies, but rather points to human improvement and development (individuation). This psychology has had more echo in cultural theories and explanation of ancient symbols than in the field of psychotherapeutic praxis. Something similar happens with Maslow: his vision of human development is positive, it points towards self-realization. His explanation of motivated human behavior tried to consistently explain human actions and his pyramid of needs was inscribed in the history of psychology and in the academic imagination. However, these theorizations came only from clinical practice, and were not interested in finding biological support to support them. Eysenck's presence here is undeniable, since he is not satisfied with the clinic alone, but actually seeks the much-delayed biological support that many previous theories lacked. There is a veiled intention of Eysenck to move towards a holism as well, due to his intention to find the link between the psychological constitution and the biological constitution of the individual. 54 These four theories have been treated at greater length in this work and with them we corroborate what we had pointed out in the definitions chapter: personality is a slippery term, each theorist first erects his conceptual edifice and from its results he subtracts his own notion of personality. The definition of personality is as diverse as the personalities of human beings are among themselves, this is what makes it so rich. Being able to attend this theoretical debate is to recognize that indeed when studying each theory there is always something with which we identify and we validate by recognizing as ours and also something that we reject and is open to criticism.
Description
Keywords
Rendimiento académico
Citation
Ludeña Meza, Jose Manuel (2021). La personalidad. (Monografía de pregrado). Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Lima, Perú.