La expansión musulmana: Contexto económico, social, político y cultural
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2019-11-19
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Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle
Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es desentrañar los principales aspectos de
la cultura islámica para tener una visión panorámica del mundo árabe, que permitió el
surgimiento del Islam a cargo de su líder el profeta Mahoma, en un momento histórico en que
era necesario la unificación de grupos tribales dispersos para poder constituirse en un estado
que le permitiera expandirse hacia otras regiones, promover su economía, continuando con su
evolución como sistema social, reunidos bajo una misma religión que les sirvió de base
ideológica para la creación de su imperio y que también contribuyó a su decadencia.
Este estudio bibliográfico nos ha permitido acercarnos a la compleja realidad de la
religión islámica, sobre cuya base se construyó un imperio encontrando que desde sus
cimientos no guarda distancia sino más bien muchas coincidencias estructurales con otras
religiones, que como el islam sustentaron a otros imperios.
El conocimiento de los factores coyunturales que permitieron la expansión del imperio
musulmán, así como las pugnas por el poder que sucedieron en la clase dirigente de los
califatos durante toda su existencia los llevó a dividirse en facciones no solo religiosas sino
también políticas, que arrastraron bajo su liderazgo la división social del pueblo árabe y
musulmán, quienes eran los que finalmente iban a las batallas en nombre de su Dios pero al
servicio de sus superiores de clase que nos trae al presente la situación del islam en el mundo
actual, demostrando la cientificidad de la historia. Afirmamos que las estructuras político
económicas favorecen el surgimiento de ideologías que van a determinar al igual que el islam
en su apogeo imperial el devenir de los acontecimientos históricos.
Desentrañar los diferentes aspectos del surgimiento y división de los califatos, de sus
sociedades, de la participación del pueblo como aliado del poder o como participante de
muchas rebeliones, contribuye al esclarecimiento de la historia de la sociedad musulmana,
para poder transmitir a los estudiantes un conocimiento científico que contribuya en el
entendimiento de los hechos históricos.
No obstante, el islam permitió a los árabes no solo conquistar imperios sino también
abandonar su cultura tribal para adentrarse en la ciencia, las artes, la medicina, que aún hoy
contribuyen al bienestar de la humanidad.
The objective of this research work is to unravel the main aspects of Islamic culture in order to have a panoramic view of the Arab world, which allowed the emergence of Islam under its leader, the Prophet Mohammed, at a historical moment in which unification was necessary. of dispersed tribal groups in order to become a state that would allow it to expand to other regions, promote its economy, continuing its evolution as a social system, gathered under the same religion that served as the ideological basis for the creation of their empire and that also contributed to its decline. This bibliographical study has allowed us to approach the complex reality of the Islamic religion, on the basis of which an empire was built, finding that from its foundations it does not keep distance but rather many structural coincidences with other religions, which, like Islam, sustained other empires. Knowledge of the conjunctural factors that allowed the expansion of the Muslim empire, as well as the struggles for power that took place in the ruling class of the caliphates throughout its existence, led them to divide into not only religious but also political factions, which dragged under his leadership the social division of the Arab and Muslim people, who were the ones who finally went to battle in the name of their God but at the service of their class superiors that brings us to the present the situation of Islam in the current world, demonstrating the scientific nature of history We affirm that political-economic structures favor the emergence of ideologies that will determine, like Islam in its imperial heyday, the future of historical events. Unraveling the different aspects of the emergence and division of the caliphates, of their societies, of the participation of the people as an ally of power or as a participant in many rebellions, contributes to clarifying the history of Muslim society, in order to transmit to students a scientific knowledge that contributes to the understanding of historical facts. However, Islam allowed the Arabs not only to conquer empires but also to abandon their tribal culture to delve into science, the arts, medicine, which still contribute to the well-being of humanity today.
The objective of this research work is to unravel the main aspects of Islamic culture in order to have a panoramic view of the Arab world, which allowed the emergence of Islam under its leader, the Prophet Mohammed, at a historical moment in which unification was necessary. of dispersed tribal groups in order to become a state that would allow it to expand to other regions, promote its economy, continuing its evolution as a social system, gathered under the same religion that served as the ideological basis for the creation of their empire and that also contributed to its decline. This bibliographical study has allowed us to approach the complex reality of the Islamic religion, on the basis of which an empire was built, finding that from its foundations it does not keep distance but rather many structural coincidences with other religions, which, like Islam, sustained other empires. Knowledge of the conjunctural factors that allowed the expansion of the Muslim empire, as well as the struggles for power that took place in the ruling class of the caliphates throughout its existence, led them to divide into not only religious but also political factions, which dragged under his leadership the social division of the Arab and Muslim people, who were the ones who finally went to battle in the name of their God but at the service of their class superiors that brings us to the present the situation of Islam in the current world, demonstrating the scientific nature of history We affirm that political-economic structures favor the emergence of ideologies that will determine, like Islam in its imperial heyday, the future of historical events. Unraveling the different aspects of the emergence and division of the caliphates, of their societies, of the participation of the people as an ally of power or as a participant in many rebellions, contributes to clarifying the history of Muslim society, in order to transmit to students a scientific knowledge that contributes to the understanding of historical facts. However, Islam allowed the Arabs not only to conquer empires but also to abandon their tribal culture to delve into science, the arts, medicine, which still contribute to the well-being of humanity today.
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Citation
Camacho Blas, F. O. (2019). La expansión musulmana: Contexto económico, social, político y cultural (Monografía de pregrado). Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Lima, Perú.