Descripción de la Rusia zarista
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2022-04-19
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Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle
Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es dar a conocer una descripción de la Rusia zarista utilizando de manera crítica y analítica las bibliografías, usando la heurística y la hermenéutica con el objetivo de conocer las características históricas, políticas, económicas, sociales y culturales de inicios del siglo XVI a inicios del siglo XX, es decir, la Edad Moderna y parte de la Edad Contemporánea. Con el objetivo de poder analizar las obras y hechos de los zares de la dinastía de los Romanov, sus reformas para la modernización de Rusia en los modelos de la cultura de Europa occidental y poder emular parte de su desarrollo económico, tecnológico y cultural (arte y literatura).
El surgimiento de Rusia como Estado unificado y centralizado con la autoridad política de los zares se inició a fines del siglo XV, en la zona de Europa oriental durante el gobierno del zar Iván III (1462-1505), conocido como el “César”, por ser el fundador de un nuevo sistema de gobierno llamado “autocracia zarista”, que duró desde 1462 hasta 1917. Termina con la muerte del zar Nicolás II y la victoria de la Revolución Socialista, de Lenin. La Rusia zarista del siglo XVI dio origen al surgimiento de una unidad política de Europa del este, que fue fortalecida por el gobierno de Pedro I el Grande (1696-1725), considerado el mejor gobernante de la Rusia zarista por sus grandes reformas que tenían como objetivo: modernizar y sacar del atraso y primitivismo cultural a Rusia, hacer de esta nación un foco de desarrollo y poder competir con las naciones occidentales de Europa. Estableció las instituciones modernas necesarias para fortalecer y centralizar aún más el gobierno autocrático y despótico. Su finalidad fue tener el control absoluto de sus súbditos y someter a la nobleza de los boyardos, así como la modernización y reforma del ejército para asegurar el control interno y externo de sus fronteras y la construcción de un nuevo gran centro administrativo como fue el palacio de San Petersburgo (1703).
The objective of this research work is to present a description of Tsarist Russia using the bibliographies in a critical and analytical way, using heuristics and hermeneutics with the aim of knowing the historical, political, economic, social and cultural characteristics of the early from the 16th century to the beginning of the 20th century, that is, the Modern Age and part of the Contemporary Age. With the aim of being able to analyze the works and deeds of the tsars of the Romanov dynasty, their reforms for the modernization of Russia in the models of Western European culture and to be able to emulate part of its economic, technological and cultural development (art and literature). The emergence of Russia as a unified and centralized state with the political authority of the tsars began at the end of the 15th century, in Eastern Europe during the rule of Tsar Ivan III (1462-1505), known as the "Caesar". for being the founder of a new system of government called "tsarist autocracy", which lasted from 1462 to 1917. It ends with the death of Tsar Nicholas II and the victory of the Socialist Revolution, of Lenin. Tsarist Russia in the 16th century gave rise to the emergence of a political unity in Eastern Europe, which was strengthened by the government of Peter I the Great (1696-1725), considered the best ruler of Tsarist Russia for his great reforms that had as an objective: to modernize and remove Russia from backwardness and cultural primitivism, to make this nation a focus of development and to be able to compete with the Western nations of Europe. He established the modern institutions necessary to further strengthen and centralize autocratic and despotic rule. Its purpose was to have absolute control of its subjects and subjugate the nobility of the boyars, as well as the modernization and reform of the army to ensure internal and external control of its borders and the construction of a new great administrative center such as the palace. of St. Petersburg (1703).
The objective of this research work is to present a description of Tsarist Russia using the bibliographies in a critical and analytical way, using heuristics and hermeneutics with the aim of knowing the historical, political, economic, social and cultural characteristics of the early from the 16th century to the beginning of the 20th century, that is, the Modern Age and part of the Contemporary Age. With the aim of being able to analyze the works and deeds of the tsars of the Romanov dynasty, their reforms for the modernization of Russia in the models of Western European culture and to be able to emulate part of its economic, technological and cultural development (art and literature). The emergence of Russia as a unified and centralized state with the political authority of the tsars began at the end of the 15th century, in Eastern Europe during the rule of Tsar Ivan III (1462-1505), known as the "Caesar". for being the founder of a new system of government called "tsarist autocracy", which lasted from 1462 to 1917. It ends with the death of Tsar Nicholas II and the victory of the Socialist Revolution, of Lenin. Tsarist Russia in the 16th century gave rise to the emergence of a political unity in Eastern Europe, which was strengthened by the government of Peter I the Great (1696-1725), considered the best ruler of Tsarist Russia for his great reforms that had as an objective: to modernize and remove Russia from backwardness and cultural primitivism, to make this nation a focus of development and to be able to compete with the Western nations of Europe. He established the modern institutions necessary to further strengthen and centralize autocratic and despotic rule. Its purpose was to have absolute control of its subjects and subjugate the nobility of the boyars, as well as the modernization and reform of the army to ensure internal and external control of its borders and the construction of a new great administrative center such as the palace. of St. Petersburg (1703).
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Vera Valdivia, W. J. (2022). Descripción de la Rusia zarista (Monografía de pregrado). Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Lim, Perú.