Causas y consecuencias del Absolutismo
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Date
2022-04-08
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Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle
Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue el Absolutismo es un concepto que hace referencia a una forma de gobierno centrada en la figura del monarca, característica de la Europa de los siglos XVI y XVII, donde el poder se perpetúa de forma hereditaria. A partir de la edad moderna se inició el proceso de
unificación de los estados nacionales (como Francia, Inglaterra, España y Portugal), a
partir de la creación de burocracias administrativas y la centralización de sus territorios.
Anteriormente, durante el Feudalismo, convivieron diferentes monarcas con el gran poder
de los nobles terratenientes. con el crecimiento de una nueva clase económicamente
influyente, pero sin poder político, la burguesía, el rey empezó a obtener apoyo en
detrimento de la nobleza terrateniente.
Este escenario generó un contexto específico que condujo al desarrollo del estado
moderno, interconectando los conflictos entre la nobleza, la burguesía y la iglesia católica,
considerando que, durante el Feudalismo, el papado tenía un enorme poder político.
Uno de los aspectos llamativos de los regímenes absolutistas es la conexión entre religión
y política, ya que se otorgaba al rey un carácter "sagrado", lo que legitimaba el poder
absoluto del monarca en base a un supuesto "derecho divino", ya que Dios habría elegido
al rey y su linaje. Esta característica fue más visible en Franca, durante el régimen de Luis
XIV, el "Rey Sol".
Sin embargo, la religión no fue la única herramienta utilizada para legitimar el poder
durante el absolutismo. En otras regiones, como España, por ejemplo, el poder se
justificaba a partir de "tesis contractuales", entre cuyos pensadores se encuentran
Maquiavelo y Tomás Hobbes, quienes defendían en general la idea de que el Estado se
sustentaba en un "contrato" entre el rey y la sociedad.
En Inglaterra, el absolutismo no prosperó, ya que desde muy temprano hubo negociaciones
para limitar el poder de los monarcas. Según Christopher Hill, el absolutismo inglés fue
"importado" de Francia en el siglo XVII en un intento de consolidar el poder real.
Diferentes autores trabajaron en diferentes perspectivas sobre el absolutismo. entre ellos,
Perry Anderson sostiene que el estado absoluto es una continuación del estado feudal,
mientras que Fernand Braudel defendía la tesis de que el estado absoluto era consecuencia
del ascenso político de la burguesía, que apoyaba las pretensiones del rey a cambio de una
disminución del poder adquisitivo. poder de la nobleza.
The objective of this research work was Absolutism, a concept that refers to a form of government centered on the figure of the monarch, characteristic of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries, where power is perpetuated in a hereditary way. From the modern age began the process of unification of national states (such as France, England, Spain and Portugal), to from the creation of administrative bureaucracies and the centralization of their territories. Previously, during Feudalism, different monarchs coexisted with the great power of the landed nobles. with the growth of a new class economically influential, but without political power, the bourgeoisie, the king began to gain support in detriment of the landed nobility. This scenario generated a specific context that led to the development of the state. modern, interconnecting the conflicts between the nobility, the bourgeoisie and the Catholic church, considering that, during Feudalism, the papacy had enormous political power. One of the striking aspects of absolutist regimes is the connection between religion and political, since the king was given a "sacred" character, which legitimized the power absolute of the monarch based on a supposed "divine right", since God would have chosen to the king and his lineage. This characteristic was more visible in Franca, during the regime of Luis XIV, the "Sun King". However, religion was not the only tool used to legitimize power during absolutism. In other regions, like Spain, for example, power is justified from "contractual theses", whose thinkers include Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes, who generally defended the idea that the state based on a "contract" between the king and society. In England, absolutism did not prosper, since from very early on there were negotiations to limit the power of monarchs. According to Christopher Hill, English absolutism was "imported" from France in the 17th century in an attempt to consolidate royal power. Different authors worked on different perspectives on absolutism. among them, Perry Anderson argues that the absolute state is a continuation of the feudal state, while Fernand Braudel defended the thesis that the absolute state was a consequence of the political rise of the bourgeoisie, which supported the king's claims in exchange for a decrease in purchasing power. power of the nobility
The objective of this research work was Absolutism, a concept that refers to a form of government centered on the figure of the monarch, characteristic of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries, where power is perpetuated in a hereditary way. From the modern age began the process of unification of national states (such as France, England, Spain and Portugal), to from the creation of administrative bureaucracies and the centralization of their territories. Previously, during Feudalism, different monarchs coexisted with the great power of the landed nobles. with the growth of a new class economically influential, but without political power, the bourgeoisie, the king began to gain support in detriment of the landed nobility. This scenario generated a specific context that led to the development of the state. modern, interconnecting the conflicts between the nobility, the bourgeoisie and the Catholic church, considering that, during Feudalism, the papacy had enormous political power. One of the striking aspects of absolutist regimes is the connection between religion and political, since the king was given a "sacred" character, which legitimized the power absolute of the monarch based on a supposed "divine right", since God would have chosen to the king and his lineage. This characteristic was more visible in Franca, during the regime of Luis XIV, the "Sun King". However, religion was not the only tool used to legitimize power during absolutism. In other regions, like Spain, for example, power is justified from "contractual theses", whose thinkers include Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes, who generally defended the idea that the state based on a "contract" between the king and society. In England, absolutism did not prosper, since from very early on there were negotiations to limit the power of monarchs. According to Christopher Hill, English absolutism was "imported" from France in the 17th century in an attempt to consolidate royal power. Different authors worked on different perspectives on absolutism. among them, Perry Anderson argues that the absolute state is a continuation of the feudal state, while Fernand Braudel defended the thesis that the absolute state was a consequence of the political rise of the bourgeoisie, which supported the king's claims in exchange for a decrease in purchasing power. power of the nobility
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Rendimiento académico
Citation
Ascencio Huamani, S. E. (2022). Causas y consecuencias del Absolutismo (Monografía de pregrado). Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Lima, Perú.