El sistema endocrino en el hombre. Enfermedades y prevención.
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Date
2019-08-15
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Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle
Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue el sistema endocrino es un conjunto de órganos que se encargan de la secreción de
hormonas que ayudan al organismo a realizar sus actividades metabólicas adecuadamente
y mantener al cuerpo en homeostasis, estas hormonas son sustancias químicas orgánicas
que viajan al torrente sanguíneo en pequeñas cantidades adhiriéndose a sus receptores,
llamadas células blanco. Las hormonas se clasifican según la distancia respecto al sitio de
su producción en hormonas endocrinas, hormonas que pasan al torrente sanguíneo
recorriendo largas distancias y hormonas locales que pueden ser hormonas que se acoplan
a sus recibidores en la propia célula que lo produce (autocrina), u hormonas que viajan a
cortas distancias o lugares adyacentes (paracrinas).
También se puede clasificar según su química en hormonas liposolubles, que serán
de fácil acceso a la membrana celular, ya que son derivados del colesterol y hormonas
hidrosolubles que necesitarán un segundo receptor para poder realizar su función
definitiva.
El sistema endocrino está relacionado con el sistema nervioso, teniendo como
órgano principal al hipotálamo quien se encargará de trabajar juntamente con la hipófisis y
regular la secreción de hormonas apropiadamente, en este último órgano se diferencia dos
partes fundamentales conocidos como adenohipófisis y neurohipofisis, cada una de ellas
con secreción de hormonas diferentes.
Los principales órganos que conforman el sistema endocrino son el hipotálamo,
hipófisis, cuerpo pineal, tiroides, paratiroides, timo, glándulas suprarrenales, los islotes de
Langerhans y las glándulas genitales que se encargarán del óptimo funcionamiento del
cuerpo ya que si hay un aumento excesivo o disminución de una hormona determina puede
producir enfermedades como el enanismo hipofisario, gigantismo, diabetes insípida,
hipertiroidismo, hipotiroidismo, diabetes entre otros. Por lo tanto cabe resaltar la
importancia de la prevención de enfermedades endocrinas tomando en cuenta que una
buena alimentación y ejercicio físico de manera habitual ayuda a una buena asimilación de
nutrientes por lo tanto a un buen proceso metabólico.
El sistema endocrino humano es un conjunto de órganos que se van a encargar de la
secreción interna de sustancias mensajeras llamadas hormonas y ser llevadas a órganos
blanco que cumplirán las funciones adecuadas para mantener el organismo en equilibrio.
El sistema endocrino se compone de estructuras especializadas para secretar
hormonas al torrente sanguíneo entre ellas tenemos al hipotálamo, hipófisis, tiroides,
paratiroides, timo, glándulas suprarrenales, islotes de Langerhans, glándulas genitales y
otras células secretoras de hormonas.
El aumento excesivo o disminución de una hormona provoca desequilibrios
metabólicos que originan enfermedades y producen atrofia a órganos que con el tiempo
repercute a una mala función de secreción hormonal.
Una buena alimentación, libre de grasas y colesterol ayuda al cuerpo a obtener un
óptimo metabolismo, que va a contribuir a prevenir enfermedades endocrinas.
The objective of this research work was the endocrine system is a set of organs that are responsible for the secretion of hormones that help the body carry out its metabolic activities properly and keep the body in homeostasis, these hormones are organic chemicals that travel to the bloodstream in small amounts by attaching to their receptors, called white cells. Hormones are classified according to their distance from the site of its production into endocrine hormones, hormones that pass into the bloodstream traveling long distances and local hormones that may be hormones that couple to their receptors in the cell that produces it (autocrine), or hormones that travel to short distances or adjacent places (paracrine). It can also be classified according to its chemistry in fat-soluble hormones, which will be easy access to the cell membrane, since they are derivatives of cholesterol and hormones water-soluble that will need a second receptor to be able to carry out their function definitive. The endocrine system is related to the nervous system, having as main organ to the hypothalamus who will be in charge of working together with the hypophysis and regulate the secretion of hormones appropriately, in this last organ there are two differences fundamental parts known as adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis, each of them with secretion of different hormones. The main organs that make up the endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal body, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, islets of Langerhans and the genital glands that will be responsible for the optimal functioning of the body since if there is an excessive increase or decrease of a certain hormone it can produce diseases such as pituitary dwarfism, gigantism, diabetes insipidus, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, diabetes among others. Therefore, it is worth highlighting the importance of the prevention of endocrine diseases taking into account that a Good nutrition and physical exercise on a regular basis help a good assimilation of nutrients therefore to a good metabolic process. The human endocrine system is a set of organs that are going to be in charge of the internal secretion of messenger substances called hormones and be carried to organs target that will fulfill the appropriate functions to maintain the organism in balance. The endocrine system is composed of specialized structures to secrete hormones into the bloodstream including the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, islets of Langerhans, genital glands, and other hormone-secreting cells. Excessive increase or decrease of a hormone causes imbalances metabolic that cause diseases and produce atrophy to organs that over time It affects a poor function of hormonal secretion. A good diet, free of fat and cholesterol, helps the body to obtain a optimal metabolism, which will help prevent endocrine diseases.
The objective of this research work was the endocrine system is a set of organs that are responsible for the secretion of hormones that help the body carry out its metabolic activities properly and keep the body in homeostasis, these hormones are organic chemicals that travel to the bloodstream in small amounts by attaching to their receptors, called white cells. Hormones are classified according to their distance from the site of its production into endocrine hormones, hormones that pass into the bloodstream traveling long distances and local hormones that may be hormones that couple to their receptors in the cell that produces it (autocrine), or hormones that travel to short distances or adjacent places (paracrine). It can also be classified according to its chemistry in fat-soluble hormones, which will be easy access to the cell membrane, since they are derivatives of cholesterol and hormones water-soluble that will need a second receptor to be able to carry out their function definitive. The endocrine system is related to the nervous system, having as main organ to the hypothalamus who will be in charge of working together with the hypophysis and regulate the secretion of hormones appropriately, in this last organ there are two differences fundamental parts known as adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis, each of them with secretion of different hormones. The main organs that make up the endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal body, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, islets of Langerhans and the genital glands that will be responsible for the optimal functioning of the body since if there is an excessive increase or decrease of a certain hormone it can produce diseases such as pituitary dwarfism, gigantism, diabetes insipidus, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, diabetes among others. Therefore, it is worth highlighting the importance of the prevention of endocrine diseases taking into account that a Good nutrition and physical exercise on a regular basis help a good assimilation of nutrients therefore to a good metabolic process. The human endocrine system is a set of organs that are going to be in charge of the internal secretion of messenger substances called hormones and be carried to organs target that will fulfill the appropriate functions to maintain the organism in balance. The endocrine system is composed of specialized structures to secrete hormones into the bloodstream including the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, islets of Langerhans, genital glands, and other hormone-secreting cells. Excessive increase or decrease of a hormone causes imbalances metabolic that cause diseases and produce atrophy to organs that over time It affects a poor function of hormonal secretion. A good diet, free of fat and cholesterol, helps the body to obtain a optimal metabolism, which will help prevent endocrine diseases.
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Citation
Anyosa Vilcabana, S. M. (2019). El sistema endocrino en el hombre. Enfermedades y prevención (Monografía de pregrado). Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Lima, Perú.