El mar peruano, características, las 200 millas y la convención del mar. Aplicación didáctica
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Date
2018-01-21
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Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle
Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación nos permite conocer que El Mar Peruano es el cuarto geosistema que se ubica adyacente al continente de
nuestro territorio, se divide en dos sectores, norte y centro - sur. Su origen se remonta hace
3800 millones de años por acción de la actividad volcánica y la evolución del primer
microorganismo. Su geomorfología es muy varia, donde ubicamos una plataforma
continental irregular, talud, fosa, piso abisal y la dorsal de Nazca, además su acción
modeladora al borde de nuestras costas, dio como resultado la formación de playas, puntas,
ensenadas, arcadas, bahías, penínsulas y acantilados.
Las características del Mar Peruano, como su temperatura, salinidad, color,
densidad, presencia de oxígeno, cantidad de carbono y presión, han determinado su gran
riqueza en recursos hidrobiológicos, y esta última, a la vez, está determinado por factores
como: la amplitud del zócalo continental, el afloramiento, el plancton y la convergencia de
las corrientes marinas. La riqueza de nuestra mar ha promovido el desarrollo de una
industria pesquera que se ubica en lo más alto en la producción de harina y aceite de
pescado a nivel mundial hasta la actualidad.
En el plano jurídico y político, el 1 de agosto de 1947, mediante el Decreto
Supremo 781, nuestro mar adyacente paso a ser soberanía del Estado Peruano hasta una
distancia de 200 millas náuticas desde sus costas, para tal fin, se requirieron el desarrollo
de los siguientes fundamentos: geográficos, geológicos, biológicos, económicos y
jurídicos. En 1982, las Naciones Unidas, planteó una nueva legislación sobre los derechos
marítimos, con la finalidad de reducir la soberanía marítima de los países. Esta
constitución de los océanos determinó los siguientes sectores: mar territorial, zona
contigua, zona económica exclusiva, alta mar y el fondo.
The objective of this research work allows us to know that the Peruvian Sea is the fourth geosystem that is located adjacent to the continent of our territory is divided into two sectors, north and center - south. Its origin dates back 3800 million years due to the action of volcanic activity and the evolution of the first microorganism. Its geomorphology is very varied, where we located a platform irregular continental slope, trench, abyssal floor and the Nazca ridge, in addition to its action modeler on the edge of our coasts, resulted in the formation of beaches, points, inlets, arcades, bays, peninsulas and cliffs. The characteristics of the Peruvian Sea, such as its temperature, salinity, color, density, presence of oxygen, amount of carbon and pressure, have determined its great richness in hydrobiological resources, and the latter, in turn, is determined by factors such as: the amplitude of the continental base, the upwelling, the plankton and the convergence of sea currents. The richness of our sea has promoted the development of a fishing industry that is located at the top in the production of flour and oil of fish worldwide to date. At the legal and political level, on August 1, 1947, through Decree Supreme 781, our adjacent sea became the sovereignty of the Peruvian State until a distance of 200 nautical miles from its coasts, for this purpose, the development of the following fundamentals: geographical, geological, biological, economic and legal. In 1982, the United Nations introduced new legislation on the rights maritime, in order to reduce the maritime sovereignty of countries. Is constitution of the oceans determined the following sectors: territorial sea, zone adjoining, exclusive economic zone, high seas and the bottom.
The objective of this research work allows us to know that the Peruvian Sea is the fourth geosystem that is located adjacent to the continent of our territory is divided into two sectors, north and center - south. Its origin dates back 3800 million years due to the action of volcanic activity and the evolution of the first microorganism. Its geomorphology is very varied, where we located a platform irregular continental slope, trench, abyssal floor and the Nazca ridge, in addition to its action modeler on the edge of our coasts, resulted in the formation of beaches, points, inlets, arcades, bays, peninsulas and cliffs. The characteristics of the Peruvian Sea, such as its temperature, salinity, color, density, presence of oxygen, amount of carbon and pressure, have determined its great richness in hydrobiological resources, and the latter, in turn, is determined by factors such as: the amplitude of the continental base, the upwelling, the plankton and the convergence of sea currents. The richness of our sea has promoted the development of a fishing industry that is located at the top in the production of flour and oil of fish worldwide to date. At the legal and political level, on August 1, 1947, through Decree Supreme 781, our adjacent sea became the sovereignty of the Peruvian State until a distance of 200 nautical miles from its coasts, for this purpose, the development of the following fundamentals: geographical, geological, biological, economic and legal. In 1982, the United Nations introduced new legislation on the rights maritime, in order to reduce the maritime sovereignty of countries. Is constitution of the oceans determined the following sectors: territorial sea, zone adjoining, exclusive economic zone, high seas and the bottom.
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