El grabado, la técnica y su evolución histórica
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Date
2019-07-09
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Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle
Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue el grabado en sus múltiples manifestaciones y técnicas ha sido en definitiva parte
esencial en el desarrollo de la historia, forma parte de nuestra actual cultura artística y social,
y formará parte de la historia para las futuras generaciones. Ante ello, a través de este trabajo
de investigación se plasmó como fue la evolución del grabado en la historia, no solo en la
antigüedad ni en una sociedad determinada, sino también su trascendencia hasta la
actualidad y el impacto e importancia que tuvo en nuestra nación.
Medularmente, el grabado es arte de plasmar un dibujo sobre la superficie de un
medio en específico, pudiendo ser madera, metal, piedra, plástico, seda, entre otros, del cual
se obtiene múltiples ejemplares originales a partir de una imagen matriz, es así que a la
impresión del diseño que se obtiene se le denominaría grabado.
Con respeto a los tipos de grabado que existen, estos pueden variar de acuerdo al
medio en el cual se graba. Si esta reproducción del grabado es sobre madera se le denomina
xilografía; si es mediante una placa metálica, grabado en metal; en una seda o bien,
serigrafía; una placa de piedra caliza, litografía. Por tal, el método de reproducción del
grabado es fundamental para comprender la diversidad y complejidad de obras de grabado
existentes.
Si bien algunos de los métodos empleados en la realización de los grabados, tal caso
como el del grabado en metal, fueron de riesgo a la salud de quienes lo practicaban (empleo
de corrosivos como el ácido nítrico, principalmente), aquella situación fue cambiando con
el tiempo. Es decir, se habla de una evolución significativa en el arte del grabado, de trazos
complejos y de carácter imitativo en una matriz para la reproducción de retratos de artistas
icónicos hasta la reproducción masiva de estampados en prendas de vestir o panfletos de
divulgación social mediante el apoyo de máquina de tórculos o impresoras, el grabado ha
pasado por una mejora en sus técnicas, he ahí su evolución. De igual modo, sería desestimar
la función del artista si no se habla de la ardua actividad creativa del mismo para la creación
de las matrices en sus diferentes niveles. Al igual que otras diciplinas artísticas, el artista
también es un eje transversal para la realización del grabado, sin su perene creatividad e
imaginación hubiera sido poco viable hablar hoy en día de una diversidad en el arte del
grabado.
Finalmente, al igual que la educación recibida por los artistas de entonces, los
estudiantes en la actualidad podrían aprender sobre la genialidad de las artes, las artes
plásticas en particular. Esta posibilidad les permitiría desarrollar su creatividad libremente,
para así poder manifestar su sentir en la sociedad que nos rodea. Es así que, se propuso unos
planes de sesiones educativas didácticas para estudiantes de nivel secundario con el fin de
incentivar la enseñanza del grabado a nivel educativo por parte de las instituciones y
docentes, para que cada vez sea mayor el número de personas que puedan apreciar y deleitar
del grabado, del arte en general.
The objective of this research work was the engraving in its multiple manifestations and techniques, it has definitely been part essential in the development of history, is part of our current artistic and social culture, and will be part of history for future generations. Given this, through this work research was reflected as was the evolution of engraving in history, not only in the antiquity nor in a given society, but also its transcendence until the news and the impact and importance it had on our nation. Essentially, engraving is the art of capturing a drawing on the surface of a specific medium, which can be wood, metal, stone, plastic, silk, among others, of which multiple original copies are obtained from a matrix image, so at the same time impression of the design obtained would be called engraving. With respect to the types of engraving that exist, these may vary according to the medium in which it is recorded. If this reproduction of the engraving is on wood, it is called woodcut; if it is through a metal plate, metal engraving; in a silk or, serigraphy; a limestone plate, lithograph. Therefore, the method of reproduction of the engraving is essential to understand the diversity and complexity of engraving works existing. Although some of the methods used in the realization of the engravings, such a case such as metal engraving, were of risk to the health of those who practiced it (employment of corrosives such as nitric acid, mainly), that situation was changing with time. In other words, there is talk of a significant evolution in the art of engraving, of strokes complex and imitative in a matrix for the reproduction of artist portraits iconic to the massive reproduction of prints on garments or pamphlets of social dissemination through the support of press machines or printers, engraving has gone through an improvement in his techniques, that is his evolution. Similarly, it would be to dismiss the function of the artist if one does not speak of the arduous creative activity of the same for the creation of the matrices at their different levels. Like other artistic disciplines, the artist it is also a transverse axis for the realization of engraving, without its perennial creativity and imagination it would have been impractical today to speak of a diversity in the art of Recorded. Finally, just like the education received by the artists of that time, the students today could learn about the genius of the arts, the arts plastics in particular. This possibility would allow them to develop their creativity freely, in order to express their feelings in the society that surrounds us. Thus, it was proposed plans of didactic educational sessions for high school students in order to encourage the teaching of engraving at an educational level by institutions and teachers, so that the number of people who can appreciate and delight of engraving, of art in general.
The objective of this research work was the engraving in its multiple manifestations and techniques, it has definitely been part essential in the development of history, is part of our current artistic and social culture, and will be part of history for future generations. Given this, through this work research was reflected as was the evolution of engraving in history, not only in the antiquity nor in a given society, but also its transcendence until the news and the impact and importance it had on our nation. Essentially, engraving is the art of capturing a drawing on the surface of a specific medium, which can be wood, metal, stone, plastic, silk, among others, of which multiple original copies are obtained from a matrix image, so at the same time impression of the design obtained would be called engraving. With respect to the types of engraving that exist, these may vary according to the medium in which it is recorded. If this reproduction of the engraving is on wood, it is called woodcut; if it is through a metal plate, metal engraving; in a silk or, serigraphy; a limestone plate, lithograph. Therefore, the method of reproduction of the engraving is essential to understand the diversity and complexity of engraving works existing. Although some of the methods used in the realization of the engravings, such a case such as metal engraving, were of risk to the health of those who practiced it (employment of corrosives such as nitric acid, mainly), that situation was changing with time. In other words, there is talk of a significant evolution in the art of engraving, of strokes complex and imitative in a matrix for the reproduction of artist portraits iconic to the massive reproduction of prints on garments or pamphlets of social dissemination through the support of press machines or printers, engraving has gone through an improvement in his techniques, that is his evolution. Similarly, it would be to dismiss the function of the artist if one does not speak of the arduous creative activity of the same for the creation of the matrices at their different levels. Like other artistic disciplines, the artist it is also a transverse axis for the realization of engraving, without its perennial creativity and imagination it would have been impractical today to speak of a diversity in the art of Recorded. Finally, just like the education received by the artists of that time, the students today could learn about the genius of the arts, the arts plastics in particular. This possibility would allow them to develop their creativity freely, in order to express their feelings in the society that surrounds us. Thus, it was proposed plans of didactic educational sessions for high school students in order to encourage the teaching of engraving at an educational level by institutions and teachers, so that the number of people who can appreciate and delight of engraving, of art in general.
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Rendimiento académico
Citation
Vasquez Aliaga, K. M. (2019). El grabado, la técnica y su evolución histórica (Monografía de pregrado). Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Lima, Perú.