El dibujo técnico y el diseño en la tecnología textil
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Date
2019-04-04
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Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle
Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación dar a conocer la historia de la humanidad se muestra ante nuestros ojos y nos posibilita el hecho de comenzar a entenderla y saber de ella en el preciso instante en que el primer dibujo hace su aparición en las pinturas rupestres de las Cuevas de Altamira (Santander, España). Dichas pinturas son la primera manifestación histórica que se posee del dibujo. Desde ese instante acorde con la evolución del ser humano también el dibujo evoluciona como una forma de expresión. Según el tiempo va pasando surgen nuevas necesidades como las de la realización dibujos tridimensionales sobre superficies planas.
El primer registro escrito que se conserva, en donde se pone de manifiesto la necesidad del conocimiento del dibujo por parte del técnico y el empleo de bosquejos previos a la ejecución de la obra, data del año 30 a.C., refiere a la obra maestra del arquitecto romano Marco Lucio Vitrubio Pollione.
La Edad Media se distingue por una simulada paralización de la cultura y la tecnología, generándose sólo en los Monasterios los únicos avances. Una de las peculiaridades de este periodo fue el secreto profesional en los gremios correspondientes, de forma que una vez se habían utilizado los dibujos, estos eran destruidos.
Ya en el siglo XIV el dibujo toma gran importancia en la edificación de catedrales o para la construcción de maquinaria, mostrándose también en este siglo la primera aproximación a la perspectiva central, y en el siglo XV resalta la invención de la imprenta en 1450.
En la segunda mitad del siglo XVII, el dibujo de desnudo se introduce por primera vez en las Escuelas y Academias, compatibilizándose en el siglo XVIII con el dibujo de copias de estatuas de escayola, creando así un nuevo academicismo.
The objective of this research work is to make the history of humanity known before our eyes and enables us to begin to understand it and know about it at the precise moment in which the first drawing appears in the cave paintings of the Altamira Caves (Santander, Spain). These paintings are the first historical manifestation of drawing. From that moment, in accordance with the evolution of the human being, drawing also evolves as a form of expression. As time goes by, new needs arise, such as the realization of three-dimensional drawings on flat surfaces. The first written record that is preserved, where the need for knowledge of drawing by the technician and the use of sketches prior to the execution of the work is revealed, dates from the year 30 BC, refers to the masterpiece of the architect Roman Marcus Lucius Vitruvius Pollione. The Middle Ages are distinguished by a simulated paralysis of culture and technology, generating only in the Monasteries the only advances. One of the peculiarities of this period was professional secrecy in the corresponding guilds, so that once the drawings had been used, they were destroyed. Already in the fourteenth century, drawing takes on great importance in the construction of cathedrals or for the construction of machinery, also showing in this century the first approach to central perspective, and in the fifteenth century the invention of the printing press stands out in 1450. In In the second half of the 17th century, nude drawing was introduced for the first time in schools and academies, making it compatible in the 18th century with the drawing of copies of plaster statues, thus creating a new academicism.
The objective of this research work is to make the history of humanity known before our eyes and enables us to begin to understand it and know about it at the precise moment in which the first drawing appears in the cave paintings of the Altamira Caves (Santander, Spain). These paintings are the first historical manifestation of drawing. From that moment, in accordance with the evolution of the human being, drawing also evolves as a form of expression. As time goes by, new needs arise, such as the realization of three-dimensional drawings on flat surfaces. The first written record that is preserved, where the need for knowledge of drawing by the technician and the use of sketches prior to the execution of the work is revealed, dates from the year 30 BC, refers to the masterpiece of the architect Roman Marcus Lucius Vitruvius Pollione. The Middle Ages are distinguished by a simulated paralysis of culture and technology, generating only in the Monasteries the only advances. One of the peculiarities of this period was professional secrecy in the corresponding guilds, so that once the drawings had been used, they were destroyed. Already in the fourteenth century, drawing takes on great importance in the construction of cathedrals or for the construction of machinery, also showing in this century the first approach to central perspective, and in the fifteenth century the invention of the printing press stands out in 1450. In In the second half of the 17th century, nude drawing was introduced for the first time in schools and academies, making it compatible in the 18th century with the drawing of copies of plaster statues, thus creating a new academicism.
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Citation
Condori Cari, C. R. (2019). El dibujo técnico y el diseño en la tecnología textil (Monografía de pregrado). Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Lima, Perú.